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October 20, 2020 The DSM- 5 diagnostic criteria for ASD.

Posted at 18:05h in Uncategorized by
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), defines ASD as a category that includes two symptom domains: 1) social communication impairments, and 2) restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviours and interests. The DSM- 5 diagnostic criteria for ASD is ad follows – Domain-
  1. Social interaction and communication impairments • Deficits in initiating and responding to social interactions. • Reduced sharing of interests, achievements, or emotions. • Reduced eye contact during communication. May use someone’s hand to get a desired object without making eye contact. • Reduced use of gestures (e.g., pointing, waving) • Reduced or very minimal facial expressions. • Reduced interest in friends. • Difficulty engaging in imaginative play with friends.
  2. Abnormal and restricted, repetitive behaviours, interests, and activities- • Repeats words, phrases (e.g., from movies) • Repetitive body, arm, hand, or finger movements (e.g. spinning around) • Transient stiff posturing of hands or whole body Wearing the same clothes every day; eating the same food daily • Unusual reactions (e.g., distress with smells, sounds, textures, sights, and tastes) to sensory stimulus.
  3. Clinical symptoms may not be fully evident until later stages, as they may be masked by learned strategies.
  4. Symptoms interfere with everyday functioning.
  5. Symptoms are not better explained by intellectual disability or developmental delay.
  6. ASD may occur with or without medical, genetic, neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioural disorders, or an intellectual or language impairment.
  7. Level of severity for each of the two domains may be used to refine diagnosis: Level 1: Requiring support; Level 2: Requiring substantial support; Level 3: Requiring very substantial support.
REFERENCES

Canadian Paediatric Society.  Early detection for autism spectrum disorder in young children. Oct 2019. Available at - https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/asd-early-detection#table1